Cleft lip and palate was obtained but the exact cause of this disorder has not yet been identified. In general, it can be said that oral-facial cleft is a result of a combination of hereditary and environmental factors. At first, heredity was thought to be an important factor in causing the disorder, but studies have shown that genetics in cleft lip and palate patients play a role. It should be noted that a simple inheritance is not considered, but only in 20 to 30% is actually a multi-gene and multi-factor inheritance. Environmental factors may be involved in the rupture at critical times in embryonic development and when lip and palate structures are connected. Nutritional deficiencies, radiation, various medications, lack of oxygen, viruses, too many vitamins or deficiencies in a particular situation can cause a gap. Another influential factor in this area is the age of the parents. Increasing the age of both The parent is associated with the incidence of cleft lip and palate and cleft palate alone (Green et al.). In short, cleft lip and palate is caused by completely unknown genetic-environmental mechanisms. Lack of sufficient knowledge about the cause of this complication makes contraceptive methods impossible. It is spiritual.

1. Middle ear infections are common in children with cleft palate and pose a serious risk to hearing.

2. Failure to treat these recurrent infections can lead to hearing loss and, if the problem persists, can lead to serious speech and language defects. For this reason, it is essential to have hearing tests performed periodically and regularly every 6 months from infancy to adulthood by an audiometer.

3. Research shows that infants who are breastfed despite many problems experience fewer episodes of middle ear infection than those who are breastfed.

4. Children with cleft palate are at risk for ear infections. These problems are the result of inadequate function of some of the palate muscles that open the Eustachian tube (the Eustachian tube is a small tube that connects the throat to the middle ear). When the Eustachian tube does not open effectively, air cannot enter the middle ear. This problem causes fluid to form and accumulate in the middle ear, which can then become infected and cause the child to have a fever and earache. (Acute inflammation of the middle ear)

5. Due to the recurrence of this problem, children with cleft palate should be examined by a doctor or an ear, nose and throat specialist in the first weeks of life.

A child with cleft lip and palate should be monitored by a dentist and given dental care and, if necessary, orthodontics to help align the teeth and improve any gaps created by the cleft palate. Routine dental care is important for all children, but how the child's teeth are positioned or the teeth are missing has an important effect on the overall success of cleft lip and palate treatment. It is usually necessary to see a dentist at the age of 3 when the baby teeth are complete. Sometimes the teeth are more or less in children with cleft lip and palate, the teeth are abnormal at the site of the cleft, sometimes they are deformed or out of the normal place and may interfere with feeding. In some cases, tooth extraction may be necessary, although it is best to keep the teeth as long as possible so that permanent teeth can come out naturally. In areas where there is not enough flora in the water, the dentist uses fluoride topically to prevent tooth decay. In addition to the fact that in the early months of birth, a child with cleft lip and palate should be visited by an orthodontist, at the ages of 5 and 6 must be examined by an orthodontist to begin the main orthodontic work at this time. Orthodontic treatment usually begins with the eruption of the first permanent tooth, and the child must be supervised by an orthodontist to take care of the teeth and brush them in the manner instructed by the dentist before the permanent teeth erupt. On average, 60 to 70 percent of people need orthodontic treatment due to dental-maxillofacial malformations, and in children with cleft lip and palate, due to their specific dental defects, there is a 100 percent need for these treatments. The orthodontist has the task of coordinating the position of the teeth with the jaw. The nature of cleft lip and palate is such that it causes the growth of the maxilla to lag behind. As a result, these patients have a deficiency of maxillary growth, which can be in the anterior-posterior direction or in the lateral direction. The orthodontist should provide the patient with equipment that accelerates the growth of the maxilla, otherwise the patient will move in a direction where the mandible is ahead of the maxilla and the patient's appearance will worsen day by day. Therefore, the main orthodontic treatments for cleft lip and palate patients to control the jaw begin from the age of 6 years. If orthodontic treatment is started at an early age, there may be no need for surgical treatment at an older age for these patients, although it is possible that due to the severity of the disorder and the patient's lack of cooperation, extensive surgical treatment may be required. Anniversary is done to be there as well. In patients who need maxillofacial surgery, the treatment plan is coordinated with the orthodontist and maxillofacial surgeon. In this case, part of the orthodontic treatment is performed before surgery and the other part after surgery. If the patient is treated regularly and at the right time and with the right treatment plan, at the end of the period, he will have a good appearance and it can be said with confidence that the patient looks like a healthy person without gaps. Therefore, although the treatment process is very long and difficult and the patient needs mobile and fixed orthodontic treatments that can sometimes last for several years, but the result of the operation, which creates a new face for both the orthodontist, the patient and It will be very sweet for the sick parents.

To contact the expert of the National Committee for Organizing Lips and palate of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, please call 021-88029395 from Saturday to Wednesday.

Speech therapy sessions will be held on Sundays and Tuesdays from 9 to 11 in the Orthodontic Department of the School of Dentistry of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. To contact the orthodontic department, please call 021-42794113.